Historic context

In 1946-47, the United States and the Soviet Union moved from being wartime allies to Cold War adversaries. During that time, Soviet imperialism in Eastern Europe, its delayed withdrawal from Iran, and the breakdown of Allied cooperation in Germany provide the backdrop of escalating tensions for the Truman Doctrine; Truman himself had first become suspicious in dealing with the Soviets at the Potsdam Conference, the Soviet reluctance to withdraw from Iran on schedule in early March 1946, reinforced his concern. A few days later, Churchill delivered his “Iron Curtain” speech about developments in Europe.

For years Britain had supported Greece, but was now near bankruptcy and was forced to radically reduce its involvement. In February 1947, Britain formally requested the United States take over its role in supporting the Greek government.5

The policy won the support of Republicans who controlled Congress and involved sending $400 million in American money, but no military forces, to the region. The effect was to end the Communist threat, and in 1952 both countries (Greece and Turkey) joined NATO, a military alliance that guaranteed their protection.

The Truman Doctrine was an international relations policy set forth by the U.S. President Harry Truman in a speech1 on March 12, 1947, which stated that the U.S. would support Greece and Turkey with economic and military aid to prevent them from falling into the Soviet sphere.
Truman reasoned, because these “totalitarian regimes” coerced “free peoples”, they represented a threat to international peace and the national security of the United States. Truman made the plea amid the crisis of the Greek Civil War (1946–1949). He argued that if Greece and Turkey did not receive the aid that they urgently needed, they would inevitably fall to communism with grave consequences throughout the region. Because Turkey and Greece were historic rivals, it was necessary to help both equally, even though the threat to Greece was more immediate.

Psychological warfare

Fascism

Gladio / Stay behind

Operation Gladio/Stay behind is an ongoing NATO covert.

According to Richard Cottrell
Lyman Louis Lemnitzer, father of Gladio, member of the fascist John Birch Society, had plans to overtake the US from within the Pentagon.

< Richard Cotrell GLADIO – NATO False-Flag Terrorist Operations.-hgZSOAU-xZo.mp4

< Richard Cottrell on VeritasRadio.com _ Gladio – The Pentagon-Nazi-Mafia Terror Axis _ Segment 1 of 2-5Nvnwjc4-Yk.mp4

Gladio A

During cold war the intention was to limit communist influences through the establishment of military sleeper cells around Europe to be prepared for russian invasion in Europe. Since communist party reached 30% of the people in Italy the tactic of false flag operations was applied as well. After public exposition the program was stopped in all countries in Europe except Turky.

Military grade bomb attacks around Europe at public sites executed by fascist members of national agencies by systematic disinformation all around Europe starting in italy (strategy of tension) in the 1960s. The attacks were intended to raise anit-communist attitudes e.g. against radical left movements as Rote Armee Fraction (see Celle Hole by BfV).

Videos

< Gladio - Geheimarmeen in Europa->—fV0aGkpdiE.mp4 (imdb)

Turky

In December 1947, United States National Security Council (NSC) Directive 4-A “secretly authorised the CIA to conduct these officially non-existent programs and to administer them” in such a way that “removed the U.S. Congress and public from any debate over whether to undertake psychological warfare abroad”. A few months later, the NSC replaced directive 4-A with directive 10/2, creating the Office of Policy Coordination (OPC, initially euphemistically called the “Office for Special Projects”), the covert action arm of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). The OPC’s charter unambiguously called for "propaganda, economic warfare; preventative direct action, including sabotage, anti-sabotage, demolition and evacuation measures; subversion against hostile states, including assistance to underground resistance movements, guerrillas and refugee liberations sic groups, and support of indigenous anti-communist elements in threatened countries of the free world.

After joining the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) on February 18, 1952,7 Turkey signed a Military Facilities Agreement on 23 June 1954, paving the way for a large scale US military presence. With a staff of 1200 by 1959,89 JAMMAT was the largest of the United States European Commands (USEUCOM), and also the world’s largest military assistance and advisory group by 1951. Additionally fights against PKK were conducted on behalf of militant agenciens.

The first to publicly point at the existence of an influential, secret coalition, was Prime Minister Bülent Ecevit, who in 1974 revealed the “Counter-Guerrilla”. Until then, the United States had been funding the Special Warfare Department (Turkish: Özel Harp Dairesi, or ÖHD) under Joint United States Military Mission for Aid to Turkey (JUSMMAT) program; a Truman Doctrine-based initiative.

Gladio B

After the fall of the Soviet empire the military industrial complex feared a breakdown caused by enduring freedom and strenghtened intelligence agencies as the CIA to conduct programs to train and equip foreign terrorist groups to raise permanent religious unrest in the middle east. The supposed intention was to setup permanent opponents to the US as Afghan Mujahideen that created Al Quaida.

Some operations are ongoing as covered up by Sibel Edmonds, former FBI translator.

Targeted killing with drone during ‘signature strikes’ caused debates if the term ‘state terrorism’ is appropriate or should be handled with international conventions on war crimes, human rights and humanitarian law.
The separation of ‘terrorism’ as acts of violence below the level of wars to destabilize foreign contries and ‘terror’ which means the use of fear to intimidate oppositonal forces can also be seen in (US) media speaking of ‘rebels’ for pro-capitalist groups against Russia and ‘terrorists’ for (communist or religious) forces that oppose the US.

Graham Fuller

TODO

do researches on

See also