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Disk Encryption

Difficulty: Easy to Hard
Why: Prevent access of information stored on your computer’s hard disk.

Easiest: LUKS encrypion of partitions at fresh installation.
Easy: formatting new partition with LUKS, move existent data there and scrub the old location of data.
Medium: LUKS encryption on LVM.
Medium: ecryptfs over specific files/directories.
Hard: encryption of whole disk, with key file placed in another device (like a pendrive).
Hardest: Steganographic methods.

Personal Firewall

firewall

Difficulty: Easy
Why: Make your computer less vulnerable to outside attack from the network.